Challenges and Opportunities for Reducing Losses to Fast- Arriving Tsunamis in Remote Villages Along the Coast of Pakistan

Fishing villages in coastal Pakistan would need to respond quickly to escape a tsunami from nearby parts of the Makran Subduction Zone. A previous Makran tsunami, in 1945, took hundreds of lives in this coastal area. The majority of those fatalities took place along tidal creeks of the Indus Delta, where the parent earthquake was scarcely felt. Today, many of the Delta villages must be reached by boat, and telecommunication is difficult. These circumstances add to the challenge of their receiving timely warning of an incoming tsunami—whether it is the immediate natural warning from a felt earthquake or a subsequent official warning from government agencies. A study supported by Oxfam GB underscores this challenge. Ten remote coastal villages, each visited by the study team, were found to have limited links to official warning systems through landlines, mobile phones, and the Internet. Two cities, by contrast, have International Maritime Satellite Organization sirens that can be set off by satellite. In addition to technological solutions, partial remedies currently available include improved tsunami awareness, training about natural warnings, and land use informed by hazard assessments

2-[(2-Chloro­benzyl­idene)amino]-4,5,6,7-tetra­hydro-1-benzothio­phene-3-carbonitrile

In the title compound, C16H13ClN2S, the mean planes fitted through all non-H atoms of the heterocyclic five-membered and the benzene rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 5.19 (7)°. In the crystal, a weak C—H⋯π inter­action occurs, along with weak π–π inter­actions [cenroid–centroid distance = 3.7698 (11) Å]

4-[(Anthracen-9-yl­methyl­idene)amino]-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one

In the title compound, C26H21N3O, the phenyl ring of the 4-amino­anti­pyrine group and the heterocyclic five-membered ring along with its substituents, except for the N-bound methyl group (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0027 Å), form a dihedral angle of 54.20 (5)°. Two S(6) ring motifs are formed due to intra­molecular C—H⋯N and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into supra­molecular chains along the a-axis direction via C—H⋯O contacts

Testing Purchasing Power Parity: A Comparison of Pakistan and India

We defined the purchasing power parity (PPP) in the scenario of Pakistan and India as a long term unit elasticity of exchange rate and compared it with relative national prices. The characteristic of finite sample are analyzed through time series regression analysis. It allows the cross sectional dependency, country heterogeneity and non-stationary disorder. Because the deviation of PPP is decrease with very slow rate, we execute the test on the data of 43 years. The past studies have showed that data was collected on the basis decades, like some of the researcher data contained on 08, 35 and 55 years. Additionally using the time series regression, this study observed the structural changes over a long term period. In this study, result identifies that the real exchange rate of India and Pakistan are not constant. The practical evidence shows that long run PPP holds for the sample countries. Keywords: Purchasing Power Parity; Exchange rate; Time Series Regression Test; Relative National Price

Testing Purchasing Power Parity

We defined the purchasing power parity (PPP) in the scenario of Pakistan and India as a long term unit elasticity of exchange rate and compared it with relative national prices. The characteristic of finite sample are analyzed through time series regression analysis. It allows the cross sectional dependency, country heterogeneity and non-stationary disorder. Because the deviation of PPP is decrease with very slow rate, we execute the test on the data of 43 years. The past studies have showed that data was collected on the basis decades, like some of the researcher data contained on 08, 35 and 55 years. Additionally using the time series regression, this study observed the structural changes over a long term period. In this study, result identifies that the real exchange rate of India and Pakistan are not constant. The practical evidence shows that long run PPP holds for the sample countries. Keywords: Purchasing Power Parity; Exchange rate; Time Series Regression Test; Relative National Price

(2E)-1-(2,5-Dimethyl­thio­phen-3-yl)-3-(3-nitro­phen­yl)prop-2-en-1-one

In the title compound, C15H13NO3S, the benzene ring and the five-membered heterocyclic ring are oriented at a dihedral angle of 12.00 (6)°. In the crystal, C—H⋯O inter­actions generate two types of cyclic motifs, R 2 2(14) and R 2 2(26), connecting the mol­ecules into tapes extending along [101]. In addition, there are π–π stacking inter­actions between the benzene and thio­phene rings with centroid-centroid distances of 3.7263 (14) and 3.7487 (14) Å

N-[(E)-Anthracen-9-yl­methyl­idene]-3,4-dimethyl-1,2-oxazol-5-amine

In the title compound, C20H16N2O, an intra­molecular C—H⋯N forms an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, the mol­ecules are stacked with their anthracene ring planes in sheets along [100]

2-[(4-Chloro­benzyl­idene)amino]-4,5,6,7-tetra­hydro-1-benzothio­phene-3-carbonitrile

In the title compound, C16H13ClN2S, the dihedral angle between the 4-chloro­benzaldehyde moiety and the heterocyclic five-membered ring is 7.21 (17)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by weak C—H⋯π inter­actions, generating [100] chains